Onyx is a semi-precious stone that is a banded variety of bloodstone or chalcedony. It is also a kind of quartz that is known for having a texture that is finely crystalline - such that its crystalline structure can only be seen in very thin slices using polarized light. Onyx bands range from white to almost any color except purple, blue or black; a variety of onyx called sardonyx has color bands in shades of red (called sard) instead of black.
Onyx Jewelry
Onyx jewelry is usually cut as beads or cabochons, gemstones which are polished and shaped into a smooth, usually dome-like shape with a flat bottom as opposed to being faceted (multi-faced) like diamonds, rubies or emeralds. Onyx has also been used for cameos and intaglios, with the jewelry maker using the stone’s colors against a black or dark background.
Onyx cameos reached their peak during the Victorian era, specifically the period known to jewelry historians as the “Grand Period” (1861 to 1888), or the period of mourning that Queen Victoria of Britain entered into on the death of her beloved husband, Prince Albert in 1861. The jewelry of the era was marked by dark, somber themes - onyx was especially preferred because it provided a subtle contrast to a black background (the color of mourning).
In ancient times, Roman soldiers wore sardonyx amulets with likenesses of the God of War or Hercules engraved on them, believing that this would make them as strong or fearless as these heroes. During the Renaissance, many believed that onyx or sardonyx gave the wearer the power of eloquence, and was thus highly valued by orators and public speakers.
Onyx today is still a highly-valued semi-previous stone to this day, used as jewelry, fashion accessory - and for various other purposes. It is considered the birthstone for February, although it is the astrological birthstone for Leo (July 23 to August 22).
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