Introduction
Ever wonder why bowling balls move the way they do? This article will help answer that question.
The path of a bowling ball is determined to a large extent by the skill of the bowler from the start of the approach to the point of release. Beyond that point, the path is completely determined by the laws of physics. In this article I will point out things affecting the movement of the ball after it leaves the bowler’s hand and contacts the lane. Also, I will suggest that it is feasible to calculate and display ball paths on a computer screen, giving the bowler a new tool to help improve his or her game.
Basic Mechanics
A bowling ball in motion can be thought of as having these properties:
Related Technical Term
Speed: How fast the ball is moving on the lane Speed
Direction: Angle relative to the lane center line Line
Friction: Between the ball and the lane surface Fast lane > Slow lane
Rotation speed: About an imaginary axis Side roll / revolutions
Rotation angle: Relative to the lane center line Side roll / track
Note:
Speed and direction are each a part of what is technically known as a velocity vector. Most people are not aware of this distinction between speed and velocity and erroneously use the two words interchangeably. (For everyday matters that is not important, but it must be taken into account when calculating ball paths).
Friction between the ball and lane plays an important role in ball movement. Friction varies considerably from lane to lane and from ball to ball.
The path of a bowling ball can be calculated with a suitable algorithm (formula) using the known values of speed, rotation, etc (as listed above) at the point of contact with the lane. This algorithm can be found in Classical Mechanics textbooks.
Ball Motion
Straight Line Motion: This is the simplest case in which the axis of rotation is 90 degrees to the direction of the ball (no side roll). If you have trouble visualizing this, think of how your cars wheels rotate when the car is moving in a straight line. At the point on the ball which contacts the lane has two velocity vectors, one due to sliding, and one due to rotation. At first they are opposite in direction and not equal in speed, but eventually friction will equalize them. Equal and opposite vectors will cancel each other making the velocity at the point of contact zero. This is the place on the lane at which the ball stops sliding and rolls in a straight line.
Curved Motion: This motion is more complicated than the straight line motion due to the rotation the bowler puts on the ball when he or she releases it. The axis of rotation will have an angle other than 90 degrees, and the sliding and rotational vectors will not be initially opposite in direction as it is with straight motion. The algorithm used to calculate the ball path will have to account for this new geometry. When done correctly the calculated path will not be a straight line, but will be a curved line with the shape of a parabola.
Relation to everyday bowling experience
The average bowler is not interested in formulas and numbers. This is understandable because path calculations alone cannot be easily visualized. However, thanks to computer graphics the numbers can be transformed into pictures that are understandable. Ball paths displayed on the computer screen allow the bowler to see how changes ii speed, direction, angle, etc affect the ball path without actually bowling. This gives the bowler another tool to help improve his/her game.
Mike Keenan is a retired engineer and semi-pro bowler. No longer active in bowling for medical reasons, he now devotes his time to helping bowlers to gain a clearer understanding of the technical side of the game.
To learn more please visit his site at http://www.ballpath.com This article may be freely distributed, provided that the author resource box and link are left intact.